 :: Back :: :: Home :: aebmfIhnXbpsS Ncn{Xw þ Hcp ]cnNb¡pdn¸v tUm: tZiawKew cmaIrjvW³ ....................... |
||||
|
kmlnXy¯nsâ BZycq]w hmsamgn¡hnXbmWv. \mS³]m«pIfpw PohnX¯nsâ hnhn[ XpdIfnð cq]w sImï \m«phg¡¯nepÅ hnhn[Xcw ]m«pIfpw Cu KW¯nð s]Spóp. hS¡³]m«pIfpw sX¡³ ]m«pIfpw hmsamgn¡hnXbpsS hninã cq]§fmWv. hS¡³]m«pIfnð sXfnaebmfamWv. sX¡³]m«pIfnð Xangnsâ AXn{]kcapÅ aebmfamWv. ]e Xc¯nepÅ ]Wn¸m«pIÄ, tZhXmkvXpXn]camb tXmäw ]m«pIÄ, Ifsagp¯p]m«pIÄ apXembhbpapïv. hcsamgn¡hnXbnð BZyw ]cnKWn¡m\pÅXv tIcfobcmb Xangv kwLw IhnIfpsS IrXnIfmWv. aebmfambn ]cnWan¡pw ap¼pff tIcf tZi¯nse IhnIfmWhÀ. aebmf¯nse Gähpw {]mNo\amb IrXn 12þmw \qämïnse ]m«pcq]amb cmaNcnXamWv. {ZmhnUamb iÐ§Ä am{Xw hn\ntbmKn¨v FXpI,tam\ Fóo {]mkhntij§tfmsS Xangv coXnbnepÅ hr¯ hntij§fnsegpXnbXmWv “]m«"v ”. Xangv cq]§fpsS B[nIyapÅ aebmfamWXnse `mj. cmaNcnX¯nsâ amXrIbnð Dïmb IrXnIfnð {][m\w A¿n¸nÅmimsâ cmaIYm]m«mWv. (15þmw iXIw). \ncWw ]m«pIhnIfmb am[h¸Wn¡À (`mjm`KhXvKoX), i¦c¸Wn¡À (`mcXame) cma¸Wn¡À (cmambWw) FónhcpsS IrXnIsf s]mXpsh I®ÈIrXnIÄ Fóp ]dbpóp. Ch ]m«pcq]¯nsâ tIcfobX {]Xn^en¸n¡póp. ]pcmW§fptSbpw CXnlmk§fptSbpw aebmf KmbIcmb ChÀ Xangnsâbpw kwkvIrX¯nsâbpw kzm[o\¯nð \nóv ]Xps¡ ]Xps¡ hn«pt]mcnIbmbncpóp. I®È¡hnX ]ndsI hcpó IhnIÄ¡v hgnsbmcp¡n. CXnlmkIYsb CXnhr¯am¡pI,]cn`mjs¸Sp¯pI, kwt£]n¡pI, hn]pes¸Sp¯pI apXemb Imcy§fnð \ncWw IhnIÄ Fgp¯Ñ\p (16þmw iXIw ) amXrIbmbn«pïv. kwkvIrX¯nse AÚmX IÀ¯rIamb A²ymßcmambWs¯ Bkv]Zam¡nbpÅ A²ymßcmambWw Infn¸m«v, alm`mcs¯ D]Pohn¨psImïpÅ alm`mcXw Infn¸m«v,lcn\ma IoÀ¯\w apXemb IrXnIÄ P\§sf [mÀ½nIambpw BkvXnIambpw Dt¯Pn¸n¡póhbmWv. cmaIYbpw IrjvWIYbpw `àn\nÀ`cambn BJym\w sNbvXv At±lw P\§Ä¡v PohnXs¯¡pdn¨v Xncn¨dnhp \evIpóp. Xangv IeÀ¸v \tó IpdªXpw kpIpamc {ZmhnU hr¯§fmð kpLSnXhpw Bb Ch aX]cambncns¡¯só atXXcamb \thm°m\¯nsâ ktµihpw ]Icpópïv. B[p\nIaebmf IhnX XpS§póXv Fgp¯Ñsâ `mh `mjmssienbnð \nómWv. {]mNo\a[yImeo\ IhnXbnð Gsd `mKw ]m«pIrXnIfmWtñm. ]m«pcq]s¯ ]qÀ®Xbnse¯n¨Xpw At±lamWv. A§s\ At±l¯nsâ Ihn kXzw aqópL«§fnepw hym]n¨p InS¡póp. Fgp¯Ñsâ IhnXbpsS Kuchw, cN\m inev]w, e£yt_m[w, kmwkvImcnI Xzc Fónh sNdptÈcnbpsS (1560-þ1660) IrjvWKmYbv¡nñ. IrjvWIY efnXhpw Gsd¡psd km[mcWhpamb `mjbnð Km\mßIambn hn\ykn¨ncn¡póp. hS¡³ aebmf¯nsâ \m«phg¡§Ä \ndªXmWv tImaf cq]¯nepw tImaf `mh¯nepw apgpInb IrjvWKmY. a[yIme aebmf¯nð `àn{]Øm\¯nð, IhnXzw sImïpw A\p`hÚm\w sImïpw \nXykvacWobamWv ]q´m\¯nsâ k´m\tKm]mew ]m\bpw Úm\¸m\bpw . CXphsc ]cmaÀin¨ aebmf Imhy§Ä ssieo]camb sshhn[y§tfmsS \m\mXcw {ZmhnU hr¯§fnð cNn¨hbmWv. Fómð Xangv þ aebmf k¦ev]¯nsâ Imcy¯nð B IhnIÄ¡v X½nð hyXymkw Dïv. kam´cambn asämcp Imhy[mcbpw ChnsS iàambncpóp. AXmWv aWn{]hmfw. aWnØm\obambn aebmf ]Z§fpw {]hmfØm\obambn kwkvIrX ]Z§fpw DNnXambn kt½fn¨psImïpÅXmWv B Imhy `mj. ]ZmhenIfpsS Imcy¯nð am{Xañ aWn{]hmfXzw. aebmf{]IrXnItfmSv kwkvIrX{]Xyb§Ä tNÀ¯psImïpÅ {]tbmK§fpw km[mcWambncpóp. ]Xnaqómw iXI¯nð C¯cw Gsd IrXnIfpïmbn. D®n¨ncptXho NcnXw, D®nbmSn NcnXw, D®nb¨oNcnXw Fónh aqóp kpµcnamsc BkvZn¨pÅXmWv. aWn{]hmfImhy§fnð Gsd¡psd ka{Khpw kpµchpambXv D®p\oen ktµiamWv. ImfnZmksâ taLZqXs¯ A\pIcn¨v cNn¨XmWnXv. an¡ aWn{]hmfIrXnIfnepw {]tabw irwKmcamWv. sshinIX{´¯nð (12þmwiXIw ) A½ aIÄ¡v thiymhr¯nbpsS ]mT§Ä D]tZin¡póp. Nt{µmÕhw (14þmw iXIw ) thiyIÄ¡v kaql¯nepÅ am\yØm\w hnfw_cw sN¿pópïv. AhcpsS c£m[nImcnIfmb cmPm¡òmcpsS Ncn{Xhpw AXnð\nóv hmbns¨Sp¡mw. A¡mes¯ tIcfob PohnXcoXnIsf¡pdn¨pff GItZi Ncn{Xhpw hmb\¡mÀ¡v In«pw. t£{XtZhXm kvXpXnIfmb ]ZyIrXnIfpw A¡me¯pïmbn. 15þmw iXI¯ntesXóv IcpXs¸Spó `mjmcmambWw N¼p (]p\w \¼qXncn ) anI¨ aWn{]hmfIrXnbmWv. KZy]mcmbWamWv “N¼p ” . 17þmw iXI¯nsâ a[yt¯mSSp¯v cq]s¸«XmWv B«¡Y. IYIfnbpsS kmlnXy]mTamWnXv. kwkvIrX¯n\v ap³Xq¡w sImSp¯psImïpÅ aWn{]hmfIrXnIfmWh. cmambWw, alm`mcXw Fóo CXnlmk§sf D]Pohn¨v cNn¨hbmWv an¡ B«¡YIfpw. sIm«c¡c¯¼pcm³ cmambW kw`h§sf B[mcam¡n B«¡YIÄ cNn¨p. _Ih[w, IeymWkuKÔnIw, InÀ½och[w, ImetIbh[w apXembhbmWv tIm«b¯pX¼pcmsâ B«¡YIÄ. cwKmhnjvImc]chpw Imhy`mjm]chpamb khntijXIÄsImïv \nXy\qX\amWv D®mbnhmcycpsS “\fNcnXw”. ¢mÊn¡ð Imhy{]kmYm\§tfmSpw cwKmhnjvImc§tfmSpw Ieln¨ Ipô³ \¼ymcmWv XpÅensâbpw XpÅð ]m«pIfptSbpw D]ÚmXmhpw {]NmcI\pw. lmky¯nsâ sshhn[yhpw kzct`Z§fpw \ndª kuµcymßI IhnXIfmWh. `mjbpsS P\IobXe§Ä C{Xtbsd asämcp aebmf IhnXbnepw Isï¯m\mhnñ. ]pcmW§fnð \nómWv Xsâ BJym\mßIX IhnXbv¡v hnjb§Ä kzoIcn¨sX¦nepw Ahbnseñmw kaImenIhpw `mjm]chpamb hymJym\§Ä sNep¯m\pw kmÀhnIamb ckm`nhyàn¡v kµÀ`apïm¡m\pw \¼ymÀ¡pIgnªp. DZm: IeymWkuKÔnIw , tLmjbm{X, kza´Iw, k`m{]thiw. Ipô³\¼ymcpsS Imetijw aebmf IhnX Ipsd Imet¯¡v aµXbnembncpóp. cïp Imcy§fmWv CXn\p amäw hcp¯nbXv. Hóv þ tIcfhÀ½ henb tImbn¯¼pcmsâ kmlnXy ]cn{ia§Ä, cïv þ ]mÝmXy kmlnXy kzm[o\§fpsS {]mcw`w. henbtImbn¯¼pcm\neqsSbpïmbXv ¢mkn¡ð BNmc§fpsS ]p\cpÖoh\amWv. £bn¨psImïncn¡pó ZrVoIrX kmlnXy cN\m coXnIÄ A\phÀ¯n¡m\pÅ {iaw am{Xambncpóp AXv. CXns\bmWv \ntbm¢mknkw Fópw hnfn¡póXv. KZy¯nembncpóp tImbn¯¼pcmsâ kmlnXy ]cn{ia§Ä Gsdbpw. B«¡Y, N¼p, Infn¸m«v, ktµiImhyw apXemb Imhycq]§fpw At±l¯nsâ kmlnXy{]hÀ¯\¯n\v hnt[bambn. "abpctµiw" Fó ktµiImhyamWv aembf IhnXbv¡pÅ At±l¯nsâ {][m\ kw`mh\. ]mc¼cy¯nsâbpw ]pXpabptSbpw {]hWXIÄ DÄs¡mïhcmbncpóp henbtImbn¯¼qcm\pw At±l¯nsâ A\´nch\mb G. BÀ. cmPcmPhÀ½bpw (1863-þ1918). IhnXbnð BVy¢mknk¯nt\mSpw KZy¯nð ]mÝmXyamXrIItfSpw B`napJyw ]peÀ¯n, tImbn¯¼pcm³. cmPcmPhÀ½bmIs«, ]mÝmXy Imev]\nIXbpsS sshinãy§Ä DÄs¡mïp sImïmWv Imhyw cNn¨Xpw \ncq]W§Ä FgpXnbXpw. IhnXbnse Hmtcm hcnbnepw BZy]Z¯nse cïmas¯ A£cw kPmXobambncn¡Wsaóv (ZznXobm£c{]mkw ) \nÀ_Ôn¡póhÀs¡Xncmbn At±lw \nesImïp. KXm\pKXnIXzt¯mSpÅ AXr]vXnbmWv cmPcmPhÀ½ {]Øm\¯nð sXfnbpóXv. ip²hpw kcfhpamb aebmf ImhyhmWn¡mbn XzcsImïp sh×Wn¡hnIfpw sImSp§ñqÀ tImhneIs¯ aäp kmlnXyImc³amcpw Cu ImeL«¯nð aebmfIhnXbnð AKm[amb amä§Ä hcp¯n. “\aps¡gp¯Ñs\Sp¯ `mjm{Ia¡Wt¡ icWw” Fómbncpóp Ipªn¡p«³ X¼pcmsâ \bw. ]¨aebmf IhnXm {]kvYm\¡mcmWv apïqÀ \mcmbWtat\m³ apXembhÀ. DZm: ]m¡\mÀ, tIma¸³ apXemb IrXnIÄ. Bimsâ Hcp hoW¸qhv (1907), \fn\n (1911), eoe (1914) Nn´mhnjvSbmb koX (1919) Fóo Imhy§Ä aebmfnbpsS `mhnIXzs¯ hnIkzcam¡n. Ahbnse _nw_§Ä, {]Imi\coXnIÄ, at\m`mh§Ä apXembhbpsS \hyX {it²bambn. " Hcp hoW]qhv " `mhpIXz]camb \th°m\¯n\v XpS¡w Ipdn¨p. euInI {]Wbt¯¡mÄ A`nImayamb Hcp {]WbXeapsïóv "\fn\n" A`nhyàam¡n. \mYs\tXSnbeªv kz´w acW¯neqsS {]Wbkm£mXvImcw t\Sphm³ eoebv¡p Ignªp. BXy´nI L«¯nse¯nb koX BßobkzmX{´yw {]Jym]n¨p. Hcp ]pXnb kwthZ\¯nsâ _nw_§fmWnh. ZpchØbnð (1922) hfsc DÄ¡mgvNtbmsS, Bim³ Hcp A´ÀP\hpw Hcp ]pebbphmhpw X½nepÅ kvt\lhpw hnhml_Ôhpw BhnjvIcn¨p. NÞme `n£pInbnð (1923) _p²\neqsS Abn¯¯nsâ AÀ°iq\yX shfns¸Sp¯n. IcpWbnð (1923) kzmÀ°Xbv¡pw amwkf hnImc¯n\pw AXoXambpÅ ImcpWyt¯bpw Bßob{]Wbt¯bpw DbÀ¯n¡m«n. Hcp aS§nt¸mIð Akm²yam¡pw hn[¯nepÅ ]cnhÀ¯\ {]hWXIfmWv aebmfIhnXbnð \ndªp \nóXv. DÅqÀ \ntbm¢mknIv {]hWXIÄ apänb "DamtIcfw" FgpXn. XmaknbmsX, IÀ®`qjWw, ]nwKf Fóo sNdp BJym\§fpw cNn¨p. Iq«¯nð ssZ\wZn\m\p`h§sf¡pdn¨pÅ `mhKoX§fpw cNn¨p. DZm: `qX¡®mSn, Aópw Cópw, t{]akwKoXw. hÅt¯mÄ BZysams¡ apgpInbXv \ntbm¢mknknsâ BNmc§fnemWv. DZm: “Nn{XtbmKw” almImhyw þ hfsc s]s«óp XsóbmWv At±lw ]pXnb coXnIfnte¡v amdnbXv. _Ô\Ø\mb A\ncp²³ (1914) injy\pw aI\pw (1918) aKvZe\adnbw(1921) Fóo sNdp BJym\§Ä BkzmZIsc BIÀjn¨p. 1916 apXð At±lw {]Imin¸n¨p t]mó kmlnXyaRvPcn `mK§Ä h³ tXmXnð {]Ncn¨p. Ipô³ \¼ymÀ¡p tijw {ZmhnUhr¯§sf IqSpXð hn\ntbmKn¨v IhnXsb tIcfobam¡nbXv kmlnXyaRvPcn¡hnXIfmWv. BÀj`mcXaqey§fpsS DZm¯amb BhnjvImc§fmWv At±l¯nsâ ]e IhnXIfpw. `mcXob kzmX{´kac¯nsâ Xo£WX At±l¯nsâ IhnXIfnemWv A\p`hs¸SpóXv. adªpInS¡pó `mcXobkvacWIsf DWÀ¯pI, A\p`h§sf C{µobthZyam¡n AhXcn¸n¡pI, kaImenItam Ncn{X]ctam Bb kw`h§sf \mSIobam¡n AhXcn¸n¡pI þ CsXms¡ hÅt¯mÄ IhnXbpsS {]tXyIXfmWv. DZm: Hcp tXmWnbm{X, agbs¯mcp \S¯w apXembh. hmevaoIn cmambWw, Zmksâbpw ImfnZmksâbpw \mSI§Ä, EtKzZw Fónhbpw aät\Iw ]pcmW§fpw aebmf¯nte¡p ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯n At±lw ImhyhmWnbpsS amXrIIÄ Im«n¯óp. 20þmw iXI¯nsâ cïmw ]mZ¯nse IhnXbnð Bim³, hÅt¯mÄ, DÅqÀ FónhcpsS kzm[o\amWv apón«p \nð¡póXv. Fómð asämcp Iq«w IhnIÄ khntijkzct¯msS {]Xy£s¸«pIgnªncpóp. \me¸m«v \mcmbW tat\m³, Ipän¸pd¯v tIih³ \mbÀ, sI.Fw. ]Wn¡À, ]ův cma³ apXembhcmWv almIhnIÄ¡v sXm«p]pdsIbpÅ {][m\IhnIÄ. Pn. i¦c¡pdp¸v, sh®n¡pfw tKm]me¡pdp¸v, ]n. Ipªncma³ \mbÀ, CS¸nÅn cmLh³ ]nÅ, N§¼pg IrjvW¸nff, sshtem¸nÅn {io[ctat\m³, CStÈcn tKmhnµ³ \mbÀ, ]mem \mcmbW³ \mbÀ, Fw.]n. A¸³, \mem¦ð IrjvW¸nÅ apXembhcpÄs¸«XmWv ASp¯ Xeapd. ]Xv\nbpsS acW¯nð Zp:JnX\mbn \me¸m«v FgpXnb hnem] ImhyamWv “I®p\oÀ¯pffn” . `mh{]Imi¯n\v tbmPn¨ Hcp ssien Isï¯nb “I®p\oÀ¯pffnbnð” sshbànI hnjmZhpw ZÀi\hpw kt½fn¨ncn¡póp. hyhkmbImeL«¯n\p ap¼pÅ {Kmaku`mKys¯ A\p`hs¸Sp¯pó “{KmaoW I\yI” sImïpXsó Ipän¸pd¯v A\izc\mbn. Pn. i¦c¡pdp¸v Imev]\nI IhnIfpsS cïmw Xeapdbnð IqSpXð AwKoImcw t\Sn. At±l¯nsâ BZyImeIhnXIfnð SmtKmdnsâ kzm[o\w {]ISamWv. “ kqcyIm´n” bnð tbmKmßI( anÌnIv) A\p`qXnIÄ Dïv. eLpKoX§Ä, \mSIobmJym\§Ä, `mhmßIkzKXmJym\§Ä FónhbpsS cN\bnð At±l¯n\v aäp IhnItf¡mÄ IchncpXpïv. “hnizZÀi\w” PnbpsS ZmÀi\nI Xzc A`nyàam¡póp. tZiobhpw Imev]\nIhpamb [mcIfnð {it²b\mWv sh®n¡pfw. kwKoXmßIX, Nn{XWXzc FónhbmWv At±l¯nsâ IhnXbnse {]tXyIXIÄ. DZm: IZfoh\w. `àIhnbmbn«mWv ]n. Ipªncma³ \mbcpsS cwK{]thiw(1909 þ1978) XpSÀópff Ime§fnð ]mc¼cyaqey§fpsS ImgvN¸mSp ]peÀ¯ns¡mïp Xsó kaImenI {]iv\§sf at\m[À½t¯msS BhnjvIcn¡m³ At±l¯n\p Ignªp. `mcXobmZÀi§Ä, tIcfobX, aebmfn¯w, tIcf {]IrXn kuµcyw apXembhbmWv ]n. IhnXIfpsS DÅS¡w. DZm: Xmact¯mWn, Ifnbѳ, ]q¡fw. CS¸nÅn cmLh³ ]nff (1909 þ 1936), N§¼pg IrjvW¸nÅ (1911 þ1948) FónhÀ aebmf¯nse Imev]\nI `mhKoX¯nsâ cmPinev]nIfmWv. Ccphcpw Htc {Kma¯nð ]ndóv Gsd¡psd kam\amb at\m\neIÄ ]peÀ¯nbhcmWv. 1940 Ifnse aebmf IhnXbnse AXymKm[hpw A\p`qXn]qÀhhpamb kzm[o\iànIfmWnhÀ. cmLh³ ]nÅ BßlXy sNbvXp. N§¼pg “caW³” Fó BcWyIhnem]ImhysagpXn. hnImch¯pw kwKoXmßIhpw hnjmZ\nÀ`chpamb caW³ Hcp “s_Ìv skñÀ ” BWv. ss\kÀKoIX, BßmÀ°X, IhnXbpsS kzm`mhnI {]hmlw, sshImcnI Xo{hX, Zpc´ t_m[w apXembhbmWv CS¸nÅn¡hnXm {]Øm\¯nsâ {]tXyIXIÄ. _memaWnb½bpsS BZyIme IhnXIÄ IpSpw_PohnX kw_ÔnbmWv. khntijamb Hcp C´y³ kv{Xo `mhpIXz¯nsâ IhnXIfmWnh. Fómð “agphnsâ IY”, “hnizman{X³” apXemb DÅpd¸pIqSnb BJym\ IhnXIfnð IqSpXð B´cnIXbpw Bßob `mhcminIfpw {]Xn^en¡póp. Imev]\nI ]c¼cbnse Ct§¯ebv¡pÅ IhnbmWv sshtem¸nÅn. PohnXs¯ ka{Kambn DÄs¡mÅm³ t]msómcp k¦ev]\w At±lw cq]s¸Sp¯n. At±l¯nsâ IhnXziànbptSbpw PohnXZÀi\¯nsâbpw k¼qÀ® km£mXvImcamWv “IpSnsbmgn¡ð”. NSpeamb BhnjvIcWcoXnIÄ, _nw_tbmP\ Fónhbnð sshtem¸nÅnbpsS IhnXziàn apón«p \nev¡póp. aebmf IhnXbnse \ho\XbpsS L«w N§¼pgbv¡v tijw Bcw`n¨Xmbn \ncq]IÀ ]dbpóp. (N§¼pgbpsS acWw : 1948). AXn hmNmeX, AXnsshImcnIX, PoÀ®cq]§fpsS BhÀ¯\w FónhbmWv N§¼pgbpsS A\pIÀ¯m¡sf A[: ]Xn¸n¨Xv. Cu L«¯nð CSÈcn tKmhnµ³ \mbcmWv XoÀ¯pw hyXykvXamb Hcp Imhyssienbnð PohnXbmYmÀ°y§Ä BhnjvIcn¨p XpS§nbXv. `mjm]chpw `mh]chpamb ]mc¼cyhpw tZiyamb kwkvImc¯nsâbpw ssienbptSbpw Aht_m[hpw tafn¨XmWv CStÈcn¡hnX. Atómfw ImthyXcw Fóp IcpXs¸«p t]mó ]e hnjb§fpw At±lw Imhyhnjbam¡n. Cu ]pXnb ssienbnsegpXnbXmWv “]WnapS¡w” , “]p¯³ Iehpw Acnhmfpw” apXembh. I®p\ocnsâ {]IS\ambncpóp IhnXbnð AtXmsS iàn¡p Øm\w In«n. Imev]\nI sshcp²yamb Cu {]hWXbmWv F³. hn. IrjvWhmcycpsS IhnXIfnð Icp¯mÀÖn¡póXv. DZm: aZncminbnð Hcp kmbvÓw, \oï IhnXIÄ, Ipsd¡qSn \oï IhnXIÄ, IÅssZh§Ä, KmÔnbpw tKmUvskbpw Fónh kmaqly]cnhÀ¯\w e£yam¡pó IhnXIfmWv. hntcmt²mànbpw Bt£]lmkyhpw AhbpsS Poh\mWv. Fw. tKmhµ³ Xsâ sNdp IhnXIfneqsSbpw Ipªmenac¡mÀ, Ipô³ \¼ymÀ, t\m¡pIp¯n apXemb \oï IhnXIfneqsSbpw Imev]\nIhncp² {]hWXsb Iqsd¡qSn aptóm«p sImïpt]mbn. Gsd¡psd ss[jWnIamWv tKmhnµ³ IhnX. hncpt²mànIÄ, iÐ]camb {]tlfnIIÄ FónhbneqsS \À½w A\p`hn¸n¡pó Hcp coXnbmWv AXn\pÅXv. Hf¸a®bpsS anI¨ IhnXIsfñmw Imev]\nI hncp²amWv. “\t§a¡p«n” sbt¸mse IcpWckapZn¸n¡pó kmaqlnIamb BJym\§fmWv At±ls¯ {it²b\m¡póXv. A¡n¯¯nsâ {][m\Imhyinev]w Ccp]Xmw \qddmïnsâ CXnlmkamWv. cm{ãob{]Xyb imkv{X¯nsâ ASnaItfm CcItfm Bbn«pÅ sNdp¸¡mcpsS DZznáamb t_m[aÞeamWv CXnð BhnjvIcn¨n«pÅXv. “_enZÀi\w” A¡n¯¯nsâ ka{Kamb asämcp IrXnbmWv. cm{ãob {]NcW¯n\mbn N§¼pgbpsS `mjbnepw ssienbnepw FgpXn¯pS§nb IhnbmWv ]n. `mkvIc³. ]nð¡me¯v AXnð \nóv ]pd¯pt]móv At±lw kz´amb A\p`haÞehpw ssienbpw Isï¯n. hbemÀ cmahÀ½bpw H.F³.hn. Ipdp¸pw N§\zpg¡fcnbnð \nóv ImhyIe Bcw`n¨hcmWv. BZyImes¯ hymtaml§sf shSnbm³ km[n¨Xv sshbànIm\p`h§tfmSp Iqdp]peÀ¯m³ XpS§nbtXmsSbmWv. ssk²m´nI hminbpsS Øm\¯v AKm[amb am\hkvt\lhpw kzmX{´yt_m[hpw {]XnjvTn¡m³ AhÀ¡p km[n¨p. H.F³.hn., ImfnZmk PohnXs¯ Bkv]Zam¡n cNn¨“DÖbn\n” Fó Imhyw A[nImc iàns¡XnscbpÅ kuµcyt_m[¯nsâbpw kvt\lImcpWy§fptSbpw {]Xntcm[amWv. {]Xybimkv{X_Ôancns¡¯só Gsd¡psd kzX{´amb \ne]mSmWv ]p\eqÀ _me\pw ssIs¡mïXv. PoÀ®amb Imev]\nIXbnð \nópÅ tamN\hpw {]Xybimkv{X _Ô\§fnð \nópÅ kzmX{´yhpw þ A¼XpIfnð aebmf IhnXbnð cq]¸« Cu {]hWX ]nð¡met¯¡pw ]SÀóp. \ho\ImhyaoamwkbpsS sNdpanóem«§fmWv CStÈcn, F³.hn. tKmhnµ³ apXembhcpsS kao]\§fnð IïXv. A¿¸¸Wn¡cpsS “Ipcpt£{Xw”(1961) \ho\`mhpIXz¯nsâ BZys¯ ka{Kinev]amIpóp. IhnXbpsS hyhØm]nX coXnIsf ]cnXyPn¨hbmWv At±l¯nsâ arXyp]qP, IpSpw_]pcmWw, ]IepIÄ cm{XIÄ apXemb IhnXIÄ. A¿¸¸Wn¡cpsS IrXnIÄ \mephmfy§fmbn {]kn²s¸Sp¯nbn«pïv. BäqÀ cmahÀ½bpsS IhnXIÄ cïp`mK§fmbn {]kn²s¸Sp¯n bn«pïv. ZpÀtaZÊnñm¯Xpw kwkmc`mjtbmSSp¡póXpamb Hcp ssienbnð At±lw FgpXpóp. XnI¨pw thdn«p \nð¡póXmWv At±l¯nsâ ]nXrKa\w, kw{IaWw, Iym³kÀ apXemb IhnXIÄ. ¢mkn¡epw \ho\hpamb LSI§fpsS DNnXkwtbmKamWv I¡mSnsâ IhnX. cq]]co£W§fptSXmb BZyIme IhnXIfpw Bem]\kuIpamcyhpw hnImcXo£vWXbpÅ IhnXIfpw \mtSmSn a«nð hncpt²mànIfmð Na¨ IhnXIfpw {it²bamWv. ]mXmf¯nsâ apg¡w, 1963, ""IhnX"", k^eaobm{X, h{PIpÞew apXembhbmWv I¡mSnsâ IrXnIÄ. am[h³ A¿¸¯nsâ aWnbd¡hnXIÄ, Fw. F³. ]meqcnsâ t]Sns¯mï³, IenImew, kpKXIpamcnbpsS ]mhw am\hlrZbw, XpemhÀj]¨, cm{Xnag ; hnjvWp \mcmbW³ \¼qXncnbpsS ""{]Wb KoX§Ä"", ""DÖbn\nbnse cm¸IepIÄ""þ Cu kamlmc§fnseñmw \ho\XbpsS Xnf¡apïv. N§¼pgbpsS hgnbnð¡qSn Gsd kôcn¨ Pn. Ipamc]nÅ ]nð¡me¯v `mhKoX]cambn kz´w iÐw tIĸn¡pIbpïmbn. ]n. \mcmbW¡pdp¸v, H.Fw. A\pP³, Fkv.ctai³ \mbÀ, hn.a[pkqZ\³ \mbÀ apXembhcpw kz´amb kw`mh\IÄ \ðInbhcmWv. F¡me¯pw kvacWobamWv Ipªp®nbpsS \mtSmSnhg¡¯nepÅ ""Iym]vkqÄ"" IhnXIÄ. kmaqlnIamb DÄ¡mgvNbpw ]pXp{]IcW§fpw sImïv k¼óamWv ISa\n«¡hnX. DZm: Im«mf³, Ipd¯n, im´, B ]ip¡p«nbpsS acWw. cq]]chpw `mh]chpamb km[yXIÄ hn\nabw sN¿phm³ k¨nZm\µ\v Ignªp. kaImenIhpw `mhn]chpamb DÄ¡mgvNbmepw cN\m]camb anIhn\mepw apón«p\nð¡póp Ah. Imhmew \mcmbW¸Wn¡À \mtSmSna«nepÅ kzX{´ IhnXIÄ Gsd FgpXnbn«pïv. sI.Pn. i¦c¸nff (sI.Pn. i¦c¸nÅbpsS IhnXIÄ), _meN{µ³ NpÅn¡mSv (am\km´cw, {Um¡pf apXembh) FónhÀ ]pXnb `mhpIXz¯nsâ {]apJhàm¡fmWv. Cós¯ aebmf IhnX \nc´c ]cnWma¯nemWv. ChnsS ]cmaÀin¡s¸« H«pan¡ IhnXIfpw Cópw Cu ssNX\yh¯mb {]{Inbbnð ]¦mfnIfmWv. kaImenI IhnXbpsS ]pXnb[mcIfpw coXnt`Z§fpw cq]s¸«psImïncn¡pópapïv. hnPbe£van, F. A¿¸³, Un.hn\bN{µ³, s\ñn¡ð apcfo[c³, tZiawKew cmaIrjvW³, Ipª¸ ]«m\qÀ, sI.hn. t__n, H.hn. Dj, efnXm se\n³,cmhp®n, ]n.]n. cmPoh³, hocm³ Ip«n, Fkv.tPmk^v, sI. BÀ. tSmWn XpS§nb Ht«sd IhnIÄ Cóv ImhycwK¯v Adnbs¸Spópïv. C¡q«¯nð Gähpw {it²b\mb Ihn F. A¿¸\mWv. OµkvIrX ssienbnð kz´w at\m[À½§fp]tbmKn¨v kzX{´hn[m\§fnð FgpXpóhcpw X\n kwkmcKZy¯nð B´cnIamb Xmfhpw hnImckwKoXhpw ]peÀ¯n FgpXpóhcpw Dïv. kzXzkwLÀj¯nsâbpw kmaqlnIamb DðIWvTIfptSbpw t\ÀhgnIfmWv kaImenIaebmf IhnXbnð {]Xn^en¡póXv. |
||||